#include <db_cxx.h> int Db::upgrade(const char *file, u_int32_t flags);
         The Db::upgrade() method upgrades all of the databases included in
         the file file, if necessary.  If no
         upgrade is necessary, Db::upgrade() always returns success.
    
Database upgrades are done in place and are destructive. For example, if pages need to be allocated and no disk space is available, the database may be left corrupted. Backups should be made before databases are upgraded. See Upgrading databases for more information.
         Unlike all other database operations, Db::upgrade() may only be done
         on a system with the same byte-order as the database.
    
         The Db::upgrade() 
            
            
                method either returns a non-zero error value or throws an
                exception that encapsulates a non-zero error value on
                failure, and returns 0 on success.
            
        
    
The flags parameter must be set to 0 or the following value:
This flag is only meaningful when upgrading databases from releases before the Berkeley DB 3.1 release.
                 As part of the upgrade from the Berkeley DB 3.0 release to the 3.1
                 release, the on-disk format of duplicate data items changed.  To
                 correctly upgrade the format requires applications to specify whether
                 duplicate data items in the database are sorted or not.  Specifying
                 the DB_DUPSORT flag informs Db::upgrade() that the duplicates are
                 sorted; otherwise they are assumed to be unsorted.  Incorrectly
                 specifying the value of this flag may lead to database corruption.
            
                 Further, because the Db::upgrade() method upgrades a physical file
                 (including all the databases it contains), it is not possible to use
                 Db::upgrade() to upgrade files in which some of the databases it
                 includes have sorted duplicate data items, and some of the databases
                 it includes have unsorted duplicate data items.  If the file does not
                 have more than a single database, if the databases do not support
                 duplicate data items, or if all of the databases that support
                 duplicate data items support the same style of duplicates (either
                 sorted or unsorted), Db::upgrade() will work correctly as long as the
                 DB_DUPSORT flag is correctly specified.  Otherwise, the file cannot be
                 upgraded using Db::upgrade;() it must be upgraded manually by dumping
                 and reloading the databases.
            
                         If the database was opened within a database environment, the
                         environment variable DB_HOME may be used as the path of the
                         database environment home.
                    
                            Db::upgrade() is affected by any database directory specified using the
                            DbEnv::set_data_dir()
                            method, or by setting the "set_data_dir" string
                            in the environment's DB_CONFIG file.
                    
                         The Db::upgrade() 
            
            
                method may fail and throw a DbException 
                exception, encapsulating one of the following non-zero errors, or return one
                of the following non-zero errors: